VEDARSHMISHRA

Selected work · 10

Copper Hall Effect

Measure a small transverse signal, fit its field dependence, and carry uncertainty through the physics.

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Lab project cover
LAB
My role
Joint laboratory measurement and analysis
Status
250 K and 300 K measurements documented
Focus
Cryogenic transport · regression · uncertainty

Result & scope

Both supplied curves have a negative Hall slope. The report finds electron-dominated conduction and order-of-magnitude agreement with metallic carrier density.

  1. 01

    Prepare

    Mount and electrically connect the copper sample.

  2. 02

    Sweep

    Hold current and sweep magnetic field through both polarities.

  3. 03

    Fit

    Extract the slope of transverse resistance versus field.

  4. 04

    Propagate

    Combine slope and thickness uncertainty before interpreting carrier density.

Evidence from the project

Inside the work.

Measurement apparatus
01 / 04
Measurement apparatus

Project photograph of the laboratory setup and sample-handling work.

Sample handling at the measurement apparatus
02 / 04
Sample handling

Project photograph of handling work at the apparatus, complementing the instrument setup.

250 K field sweep
03 / 04
250 K field sweep

Original negative-slope resistance–field plot from the project presentation.

300 K field sweep
04 / 04
300 K field sweep

Original plot with greater visible scatter; compare slope and residual structure, not just the fitted line.

Apparatus and sample

The experiment measures transverse resistance in copper at 250 K and 300 K. The presentation records sample dimensions of 12.71 × 10.99 mm, thickness 0.10 mm, and thickness uncertainty ±5 μm. The equipment photos shown here come from the project presentation, not the instructor’s example procedure.

Analysis chain

For a fitted slope m = dRxy/dB and thickness t, the Hall coefficient is RH = t·m. Under the single-carrier approximation, carrier density is n = 1/(|e|·|RH|). The negative slope indicates electron-like Hall response.

Assuming independent uncertainties, σRH/|RH| = √[(σt/t)² + (σm/m)²]. The inverse relationship gives carrier density the same fractional uncertainty. Thickness uncertainty alone contributes 5%.

Comparison and interpretation

The 300 K trace contains more scatter than the 250 K trace. The presentation reports a slightly smaller slope magnitude at the higher temperature and agreement with the expected order of magnitude. Neither plot alone isolates temperature as the cause of every difference.

Measurement limits

Geometry, contact misalignment, polycrystalline material, and regression uncertainty affect the interpretation. The archive does not provide a machine-readable raw sweep suitable for refitting here, so the original plots are retained. The proposed zinc comparison is future work, not a completed second-material result.

Read the source

Technical records.

About the evidence

Hall Effect — Measurement in Copper, project presentation. The Quantum Design procedure was consulted as reference material; its example images and results are not presented as personal work.

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